What are the basic safety requirements for mechanical equipment?
2025/03/18 10:48
I. Operators must pass the examination and hold the "Equipment Operation Certificate" for this machine tool before operating it.
II. Before work, carefully do the following:
1. Carefully read the handover record to understand the operation status and existing problems of the machine tool from the previous shift.
2. Check the machine tool, workbench, guide rails, and various main sliding surfaces. If there are any obstacles, tools, iron filings, impurities, etc., they must be cleaned, wiped clean, and oiled.
3. Check the workbench, guide rails, and main sliding surfaces for any new scratches, abrasions, or collisions. If any are found, notify the team leader or equipment technician to check together and make a record.
4. Check that the safety protection, braking (stopping), limit, and reversing devices are complete and in good condition.
5. Check that the mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and other operating handles, valves, and switches are in the non-working position.
6. Check that all tool holders are in the non-working position.
7. Check that the electrical distribution box is securely closed and the electrical grounding is good.
8. Check that the oil level in the oil storage areas of the lubrication system meets the requirements and is well sealed. Oil gauges, oil windows, oil cups, oil nozzles, oil lines, oil felt, oil pipes, and oil distributors should be complete, in good condition, and correctly installed. Add oil manually or use a motorized (manual) pump according to the lubrication instruction chart, and check if oil is coming from the oil window.
9. For machine tools that have been stopped for more than one shift, they should be run idle for 3-5 minutes according to the instructions in the manual and the operating procedures and requirements for the liquid hydrostatic device (see Appendix I). Check:
① Whether the operating handles, valves, switches, etc., are flexible, accurate, and reliable.
② Whether the safety protection, braking (stopping), interlocking, and clamping mechanisms are functioning.
③ Whether the mechanism has sufficient travel, and adjust and fix the limit, stroke stops, and reversing cams.
④ Whether there is oil in the parts lubricated by the motor pump or hand pump, and whether the lubrication is good.
⑤ Whether the operation, work cycle, temperature rise, and sound of the mechanical, hydraulic, hydrostatic, pneumatic, mold-based, and contouring devices are normal. Whether the pressure (hydraulic, pneumatic) meets the requirements. Only after confirming that everything is normal can work begin.
For equipment that is handed over between consecutive shifts, the handover personnel should check together according to the above 9 regulations. The handing-over personnel can leave only after the handover is clear. For equipment that is handed over between non-consecutive shifts, if any serious violation of the operating procedures is found from the previous shift, the team leader or equipment technician must be notified to check together and make a record. Otherwise, it will be handled as a violation of the operating procedures for the current shift.
After equipment maintenance or adjustment, the equipment must also be thoroughly checked according to the above 9 regulations. Only after it is deemed to be error-free can work begin.
III. During work, carefully do the following:
1. Stay at your post, operate carefully, and do not do anything unrelated to work. When leaving the machine tool for any reason, stop it and turn off the power and air supply.
2. Process according to the process specifications. Do not arbitrarily increase the feed rate, grinding amount, and cutting (grinding) speed. Do not use the machine tool beyond specifications, overload, or overweight. Do not use precision machines for rough work or large machines for small work.
3. Tools and workpieces should be correctly installed and securely fastened. Do not damage the machine tool when loading and unloading. Do not use a heavy hammer to align tools and workpieces. Do not use an extended handle to increase the torque when fastening tools and workpieces.
4. Do not install any centering pins, tools, or tool holders that do not match the taper or diameter, or have scratches and are not clean, in the machine tool's main spindle taper hole, tailstock sleeve taper hole, or other tool mounting holes.
5. Mechanical speed changes of the transmission and feed mechanisms, tool and workpiece clamping and adjustment, and manual measurement between workpiece processes should be carried out after the cutting or grinding is stopped and the tool or grinding wheel is retracted from the workpiece.
6. Keep the tools and grinding wheels sharp. If they become dull or chipped, sharpen or replace them in time.
7. Do not stop the machine while the tool or grinding wheel is in contact with the workpiece during cutting or grinding.
8. Do not disassemble the safety protection devices on the machine tool without authorization. Machines without safety protection devices are not allowed to operate.
9. Except for the throttle valve, other hydraulic valves in the hydraulic system are not allowed to be adjusted privately.
10. Do not place tools, workpieces, or other miscellaneous items directly on the machine tool, especially on the guideways and workbench.
11. Regularly remove iron filings and oil stains from the machine tool, and keep the guideways, sliding surfaces, rotating surfaces, locating datum surfaces, and workbench clean.
12. Pay close attention to the operation and lubrication of the machine tool. If any abnormal phenomena such as malfunction, vibration, heating, creeping, noise, unusual smell, or collision are found, stop the machine immediately, check, and troubleshoot before continuing work.
13. In case of an accident on the machine tool, immediately press the general stop button, maintain the accident scene, and report to the relevant department for analysis and handling.
14. Do not weld or repair workpieces on the machine tool.
IV. After work, carefully do the following:
1. Place the mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and other operating handles, valves, and switches in the non-working position.
2. Stop the machine tool and cut off the power and air supply.
3. Remove iron filings, clean the work area, and carefully wipe the machine tool. Add oil and maintain the guideways, rotating and sliding surfaces, locating datum surfaces, and workbench.
4. Carefully record any machine tool problems found during the shift in the handover logbook and complete the handover work.
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